Translation is among the most conserved events in all organisms, and the most energy-intensive. In replication and transcription, the transfer of genetic information requires a DNA matrix to produce a nucleic acid (DNA, RNA), but in translation the matrix is RNA and the final product is a polypeptide or protein. Four main components are involved in the translation : mRNA: This macromolecule provides the information that must be interpreted by the translation machinery and constitutes the matrix for translation. The region of the mRNA encoding the protein consists of an ordered series of units of three nucleotides called codons (specify the order of the amino acids). tRNA: They provide the interface between the amino acids added to the growing peptide chain and the codons in the mRNA. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase: These enzymes couple amino acids with specific tRNAs that recognize the appropriate codon. Ribosomes: The ribosome coordinates the recognition of the mRNA by each tRNA and catalyzes the formation of the peptide bond between the growing polypeptide chain and the amino acid loaded on the selected tRNA. - Protein synthesis is centralized at the ribosome level. - The ribosomes move in the 5' to 3' direction on the mRNA and synthesize the corresponding polypeptide from the terminal NH2 end to the terminal COOH end - The sequence of the mRNA is decoded by group of three nucleotides (codon) which correspond to a particular amino acid or to the initiation and termination signals.