Introduction

Genetic engineering is a "set of techniques to identify and isolate, edit, and transfer of controlled genetic material". Therefore, it is a tool in the most varied applications and in particular the ability to intervene with precision on the genetic heritage of living beings.

Practically, this methodology allows identifying a specific gene among the many genes of an organism. First amplified so that it is easier to access, the gene can then be cut out and isolated from other DNA molecules. Finally, it can be reinserted in a molecule of DNA of different origin, thus enabling the transfer of genetic information from one cell to another. The result is a recombinant DNA. Genetic engineering also allows you to make changes to genes (site-directed mutagenesis), which, therefore, will produce modified proteins

The birth of molecular biology

The central Dogma of molecular biology